DNA and Other Naturally Occurring Polymers (GCSE Chemistry)
DNA and Other Naturally Occurring Polymers
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- DNA contains genetic instructions. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, contains the genetic instructions that allow organisms to function properly.
- DNA has a double helix structure. The structure of DNA is very large, with 2 polymer chains wrapped in a double helix. These polymer chains consist of four different monomers called nucleotides.
- Nucleotides have base molecules. Within nucleotides, there are small molecules called bases. A, C, G and T are the 4 base molecules. The bases on each polymer chain form cross links to keep the double helix structure intact.
Other Naturally Occurring Polymers
- The polymer starch is formed from the sugar glucose. Starch is a polymer made in plants. It is formed from glucose monomers. The glucose molecules are monomers formed from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Starch is used to store energy in cells.
- Cellulose is a long-chain carbohydrates polymer. Cellulose is found in plants and maintains the structural integrity of plant cell walls. It provides the cells with strength and protection. The monomer of cellulose is also glucose.
- Proteins are polymers found in animal and plant cells. Proteins are polymers found in animal and plant cells. The monomers of proteins are amino acids.
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