Explain how a wave-cut platform is formed - 6 marks

A wave-cut platform is a gently sloping rocky surface located at the base of a cliff or headland that has been eroded by the action of waves. It is formed through a process known as wave-cutting. Here are the steps in brief on how a wave-cut platform is formed:

1. Erosion: Waves crashing against the base of a cliff or headland cause hydraulic action, abrasion, and attrition. These processes cause the rock to gradually erode and retreat inland.
2. Notching: Over time, the wave action creates a notch at the base of the cliff or headland. This is a small cut or indentation in the rock caused by the action of waves.
3. Undercutting: The notch becomes deeper and larger as the waves continue to erode the rock. Eventually, the overlying rock becomes unstable and collapses into the sea, leaving a steep cliff face.
4. Platform formation: The collapsed material is then transported away by the waves, leaving a rocky surface that is level with the sea surface. This is the wave-cut platform.
5. Maintenance: The platform is maintained by the continual erosion of the cliff face, which causes the platform to extend seaward. Over time, the platform can become quite large and cover a wide area.

In summary, a wave-cut platform is formed through the gradual erosion of a cliff or headland by waves, resulting in the formation of a notch, undercutting, collapse, and the formation of a flat, rocky surface that is level with the sea.