Population Dynamics
CIE iGCSE Geography Assessment
| Population Dynamics | |
| Candidates should be able to:Describe and give reasons for the rapid increase in the world’s populationShow an understanding of over-population and under-populationUnderstand the main causes of a change in population sizeGive reasons for contrasting rates of natural population changeDescribe and evaluate population policies | Further GuidanceCauses and consequences of over-population and under-populationHow birth rate, death rate and migration contribute to the population of a country increasing or decliningImpacts of social, economic and other factors (including government policies, HIV/AIDS) on birth and death rates |
| Case Study required for 1.1A country which is over-populatedA country which is under-populatedA country with a high rate of natural population growthA country with a low rate of population growth (or population decline) | |
Overpopulation
The population > amount of resources
The world population is increasing rapidly due to the agricultural, industrial, and medical revolutions.
| Causes of overpopulation | Consequences of overpopulation |
| Improved medical care(vaccinations, hospitals)Improved sanitationImproved food and water supply | Lack of housing and services such as hospitals and schoolsShortage in food and waterLack of employment therefore povertypollution |
Underpopulation
The population < amount of resources
| Causes of underpopulation | Consequences of underpopulation |
| Low fertility rate due to family planning, contraception, education of women EmigrationDisease(HIV/AIDS), famineWars and conflicts | Shortage of workers leading to low level of production, unstable economyLow value of exports, small market for goods and servicesHigh taxesResources underusedDifficulties in defending country |
Case study – Overpopulation
Nigeria : population of 175M
| Causes of the country being overpopulated | Problems of the country being overpopulated |
| High birth rate due to cultural reason : 90% of the population depending on agriculture. Fertility rate being 5.5 children per womenLack of contraception, only 12% using themFalling death rates due to improvement in their lives : death rate dropped from 25 to 12 in 50 years. | Traffic congestion in LagosFood shortage in YolaWater pollution in Port Harcourt |
Case study – Underpopulation
Australia : population of 25M. Population density being 3.1people/km squared
| Causes of the country being underpopulated | Problems of the country being underpopulated |
| Hard immigration law : health and character assessment45% of the land being desert or treeless ground therefore only 10% is actually habitableAustralia is an MEDC country, education of women, family planning leading to low fertility rate of 2 per woman | Shortage in workforce : losing 2.3M by 2030, leading to low level of production, unstable economyHigh tax rate, 10%, in order to maintain infrastructures. Resources are being underused so lack of development : coal, iron, lead |
Fill in the blank
Nigeria is a country with a population of _______. It is overpopulated due to __% of the population relying on agriculture. It is also due to the lack of ___________, which is only used by __% of the population. Finally, the death rate is falling in Nigeria, from 25 to ___ in 50 years.
Australia is a country with a population of ______. As the country is underpopulated, there is a shortage in _________. Australia also has a high tax rate of __%. Lastly, natural resources such as _____,_____ are being underused in this country.
Answers
- 175M
- Contraception
- 12
- 12
- 25M
- Workforce
- Coal/lead/iron
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